vancouver tree and garden service

Saturday, December 7, 2013

大温地区树艺专家/出具树艺师报告/ 出具树木危险评估 / tree risk assessment and consulting

修剪各种树，树墙，为水果树剪枝保护。
清理流水槽，花床设计栽种

778-838-4488

Friday, September 13, 2013

Arborist Report and tree risk assessment consulting

Arborist report on trees removal and building reconstructions. Tree risk rating.

778-838-4488

孑遗植物 Precious and distinct trees

孑遗植物，也称活化石植物，是指起源久远，在新生代第三纪或更早有广泛的分布，而大部分已经因为地质、气候的变化而灭绝，只存在很小的范围内，这些植物的形状和在化石中发现的植物基本相同，保留了其远古祖先的原始形状。且其近缘类群多已灭绝，因此比较孤立，进化缓慢的植物。编辑本段溯源孑遗植物现世界的森林分布情形，与地质时代大不相同。古生物学者依据植物化石标本研究，推定在古生代之志留纪与泥盆纪之间（距今三～四亿年前），已有蕨类石松目的鳞木及印章木发生，到石炭纪时这些石松类、种子蕨类及原始裸子植物，一度极为昌盛。直到中生代的二叠纪，因气候发生剧烈变化，才渐渐衰退。侏罗纪和白垩纪间，代之而起的是极为繁茂的古苏铁及松柏类等，称霸世界，形成浩瀚的森林。在古生代，地球表面的情形与现今迥异。当时我国北方的蒙古高原尚未升起，西南方的喜马拉雅与欧洲的阿尔卑斯山亦均未形成。地中海向东延伸，将中国与印度隔离，北冰洋则由奥比克海之贯连与印度洋相通，因而北方气候温暖，热带树木丰富，此种情景一直保持到新生代的第三纪初期。到第三纪后期，地球上有强烈的造山运动发生，喜马拉雅、阿尔卑士斯、比利牛斯与美国的洛矶山相继生成。随之气候骤变寒冷，冰川发生，欧洲大速以及库页岛至美国加里福尼亚州一带，均为冰川淹没大多数植物濒于灭绝。只有一部分残存于亚洲东部及北美洲东部。在地质时代曾经昌盛一时，占有广大面积的植物种族，由于地层或气候的变动，以致大部分消灭殆尽，仅有极少数生长在优越地点的种类，未蒙受环境剧变的劫运，侥幸地延绵到现在，这类植物通称孑遗植物。孑遗植物的特性是：有关的亲族都已灭绝，仅能自化石去辨认，现生的种类生存地区零落，分布幅员狭小。也有人称之为“活化石”。编辑本段种类孑遗植物包括很多，在中国就有100多种。孑遗植物的种类有：水杉，为我国特产，落叶乔木，柏科水杉属唯一现存种，中国特产的孑遗珍贵树种，第一批列为中国国家一级保护植物的稀有种类，有植物王国“活化石”之称。银杉，是三百万年前第四纪冰川后残留下来至今的植物，中国特有的世界珍稀物种，和水杉、银杏一起被誉为植物界的“国宝”，国家一级保护植物。孑遗植物红豆杉红豆杉，又称紫杉，属浅根植物，其主根不明显、侧根发达，是世界上公认的濒临灭绝的天然珍稀抗癌植物，是第四纪冰川遗留下来的古老树种，在地球上已有250万年的历史。台湾杉，我国特有树种，国家一级保护植物，为第三纪古热带植物区孑遗植物。曾广泛分布于欧洲和亚洲东部，由于第四纪冰期影响，仅存于云南、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、台湾及缅甸北部局部地区。瓦勒迈杉，是一种样子怪怪的树状物，是世界最古老的物种之一，人们此前对它的了解仅来自于具有1.2亿年历史的化石。松叶蕨，为松叶蕨科多年生纤细草本，小型蕨类。是最古老最原始的陆生高等植物。生于山上岩石裂缝中或附生于树干上。桫椤，曾是地球上最繁盛的植物，与恐龙一样，同属“爬行动物”时代的两大标志。桫椤名列中国国家一类8种保护植物之首。孑遗植物剌桫椤银杏，又称白果，在第三纪有化石发现。第四纪冰川期大部分灭绝。珙桐，是1000万年前新生代第三纪留下的孑遗植物，在第四纪冰川时期，大部分地区的珙桐相继灭绝，只有在我国南方的一些地区幸存下来，成为了植物界今天的“活化石”。鹅掌楸，又称马褂木，中生代侏罗纪晚期到新生代第三纪，白垩纪有化石发现，第四纪冰川期大部分灭绝，只剩下中国鹅掌楸和北美鹅掌楸鹅掌楸。长柄双花木，残存于南岭山地山顶矮林或灌丛中，被列为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物。笔筒树，属于大型树蕨类植物，不开花，没有果实与种子，以孢子繁殖。笔筒树不仅属于地球远古时代残留的树蕨类植物，而且是侏罗纪时代的孑遗植物。一般而言，笔筒树只生长于潮湿阴暗的原始森林中，对古植物的研究有价值，而且亦是研究台湾与大陆植物地理关系的好材料。中国湛江发现有此树。此外还有泥盆纪的石松，木贼，崖柏，日本金松，双蕊兰，苏铁，杜仲；新生代第三纪的水清树，领春木，粗榧，人参等。

Monday, November 26, 2012

Jujube tree

Its precise natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation, but is thought to be in southern Asia, between Lebanon, Iran, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal (called as Bayar), the Korean peninsula, and southern and central China, and also southeastern Europe though more likely introduced there.[2] This plant has been reintroduced in Madagascar and grows as an invasive species in the western part of this island. It is a small deciduous tree or shrub reaching a height of 5–10 metres (16–33 ft), usually with thorny branches. The leaves are shiny-green, ovate-acute, 2–7 centimetres (0.79–2.8 in) wide and 1–3 centimetres (0.39–1.2 in) broad, with three conspicuous veins at the base, and a finely toothed margin. The flowers are small, 5 millimetres (0.20 in) wide, with five inconspicuous yellowish-green petals. The fruit is an edible oval drupe 1.5–3 centimetres (0.59–1.2 in) deep; when immature it is smooth-green, with the consistency and taste of an apple, maturing brown to purplish-black and eventually wrinkled, looking like a small date. There is a single hard stone similar to an olive stone.[2] NomenclatureThe species has a curious nomenclatural history, due to a combination of botanical naming regulations, and variations in spelling. It was first described scientifically by Carolus Linnaeus as Rhamnus zizyphus, in Species Plantarum in 1753. Later, in 1768, Philip Miller concluded it was sufficiently distinct from Rhamnus to merit separation into a new genus, in which he named it Ziziphus jujube, using Linnaeus' species name for the genus but with a probably accidental single letter spelling difference, 'i' for 'y'; for the species name he used a different name, as tautonyms (repetition of exactly the same name in the genus and species) are not permitted in botanical naming. However, because of Miller's slightly different spelling, the combination correctly using the earliest species name (from Linnaeus) with the new genus, Ziziphus zizyphus, is not a tautonym, and therefore permitted as a botanical name; this combination was made by Hermann Karsten in 1882.[2][3] NutrientsJujube, raw (NDB NO:09146) Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 331 kJ (79 kcal) Carbohydrates 20.23 g Fat 0.20 g Protein 1.20 g Water 77.86 g Vitamin A 40 IU Thiamine (vit. B1) 0.020 mg (2%) Riboflavin (vit. B2) 0.040 mg (3%) Niacin (vit. B3) 0.900 mg (6%) Vitamin B6 0.081 mg (6%) Vitamin C 69 mg (83%) Calcium 21 mg (2%) Iron 0.48 mg (4%) Magnesium 10 mg (3%) Phosphorus 23 mg (3%) Potassium 250 mg (5%) Sodium 03 mg (0%) Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database Jujube, dried (NDB NO:09147) Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 1,201 kJ (287 kcal) Carbohydrates 73.60 g Fat 1.10 g Protein 3.70 g Water 19.70 g Vitamin A 40 IU Thiamine (vit. B1) 0.210 mg (18%) Riboflavin (vit. B2) 0.360 mg (30%) Niacin (vit. B3) 0.500 mg (3%) Vitamin B6 0.00 mg (0%) Vitamin C 13 mg (16%) Calcium 79 mg (8%) Iron 1.80 mg (14%) Magnesium 37 mg (10%) Phosphorus 100 mg (14%) Potassium 531 mg (11%) Sodium 09 mg (1%) Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database Cultivation and usesJujube was domesticated in South Asia by 9000 BCE.[4] Over 400 cultivars have been selected. The tree tolerates a wide range of temperatures and rainfall, though it requires hot summers and sufficient water for acceptable fruiting. Unlike most of the other species in the genus, it tolerates fairly cold winters, surviving temperatures down to about −15 °C (5 °F). This enables the jujube to grow in mountain or desert habitats, provided there is access to underground water through the summer. The species Z. zizyphus grows in cooler regions of Asia. Five or more other species of Ziziphus are widely distributed in milder climates to hot deserts of Asia and Africa. [5]